Most modern smart cards, especially those used on public transport, employ the RFID (radio frequency identification) technology between card and reader without physical insertion of the card and hence are contact less. They communicate at 13.56 MHz and conform to the ISO 14443 standard. Automatic Fare Collection System implemented by these smart cards allow a passenger to swipe card at card reader when he / she gets into bus and he has to do same activity at destination point. The device will automatically calculates the fare and deduct the money automatically. We can call this systems as "SMART CARD AND GPS BASED AUTOMATIC BUS TICKETING SYSTEM FOR TRAVELED DISTANCE".
The system is fully automated, reliable, transparent and convenient.
The cards being reusable, they are much more convenient compared to the paper based ticketing system.
Also fare calculation is done through internet, fare is crystal clear and provides no room for confusion.
Cash is no longer necessary, contact less smart cards can be loaded with large amounts of money, passengers no longer need to carry the correct change.
